It's more of an obvious cognitive mistake than conditioning, the way I see it. Just using a wrong model out of habit. Like when I first start speaking English after speaking Russian for a while, I would have a horrible accent, which will mostly fade away given a few minutes. What happens there is me trying to pronounce English words using muscular routines developed for Russian ones, because I had just been speaking Russian before. And then I hear myself speak, realize that I'm doing it wrong, and correct my behavior.
It's even more complex than that, actually. I specifically developed other routines for speaking because my Russian ones weren't producing results in regards to speaking English. The point being, when you use an inappropriate frame of reference for something, it instantly negatively impacts your performance.
Fair point. I think if we substitute the word "habituation" for "conditioning" we can perhaps see how they go hand-in-hand though. Conditions provide us the frame, which we internally habituate into the default. In this way, the habit then continues to condition the response to rely on the habitual frame, given it's previous utility. So, the habit
conditions and the conditioning
habituates the frame, ad infinitum.
That is, until something comes along and violates, forcing a new frame to be needed. In this case though, the response could be to discover a new frame, or "double-down" and construe the violation in a manner that makes the frame fit, no matter how poorly. So, in your example, the way you "correct" your "recognition" of "I'm doing it wrong" when using your Russian frame to speak English, is to shift the frame. But there is a chance you could have gone the other way, deciding the English would be "better off" spoken with your Russian inflection and fostering on.
So, to come back around to Peterson's point, is to say then that our habit of characterizing the world only as objects, leads itself to continuance, even when it is simply
not the right frame...