Deck building RPGs were popular in the early 2000s iirc. Baten Kaitos "eternal wings and the lost ocean", for the Gamecube, A couple of the Kingdom Hearts games, but at least Chain of Memories for the gameboy.
Also one of my favorite franchises growing up was the Megaman Battle Network games, I think there are 6 of them.
Baten Kaitos: Eternal Wings and the Lost Ocean, is a more classic turn based game, but your attacks are all cards, drawn from a deck you build. Bonuses for certain type of cards played. I believe it had a later sequel but never played it.
Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories was real time, but still with attacks based on cards drawn from a custom built deck.
Megaman Battle Network (1 through 6, several of the later games had two different versions with slight different stories a la Pokemon) was something of a hybrid. Both sides got a 3x3 grid, you build your deck with cards, certain chains letting you use more in a tern or unlock souped up versions. Combat consisted of moving around the grid and firing your standard megaman blaster, with the cards you picked for that turn letting you do extra damage or giving you some buff, you get some X second before the turn bar refills, game pauses and you select a new hand to play, resume with new cards.
I'm sure there has got to be more recent versions of this but it has been a while. If you find any, let me know. I like the strategic flexibility of building a deck in an RPG.
Also, Slay the Spire is a popular roughlite deckbuilder, but there's little-to-no upgrades to your deck, its all about building it right, you can select incrementally higher difficulties as you complete the game loop each time.